Numerous bridges named London Bridge have connected the City of London with Southwark over the River Thames in central London. The present day London Bridge, which was opened by the late Queen Elizabeth II on 16 March 1973, stands as a testament to modern engineering, constructed from concrete and steel. This fairly modern structure replaced a 19th-century stone arched bridge that was crafted by Scottish civil engineer John Rennie, which itself succeeded a very old and impressive 600 year old stone built edifice. The evolution of London Bridge reflects the rich historical tapestry of this iconic river crossing, which is known worldwide. London Bridge offers a plethora of historic and contemporary attractions, food markets, and cultural venues waiting to be explored. Visit Tower Bridge and the Tower of London, pay a visit to The Gherkin or The Shard. Maybe you'll take a water boat along The Thames, or visit Southwark Cathedral. There's also HMS Belfast, Borough Market and the Science Gallery London.